guide line of the lung function test and its importance insports

                            LUNG FUNCTION TEST AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN SPORTS

Respiration means exchanges of gases at surface.Respiration is of two types.
(1)EXTERNAL RESPIRATION;External respiration means absorption of O2 an removal of CO2 from the body.(2)INTERNAL RESPIRATION;Internal respiration mean the use of O2 and the production and removal of CO2 by the cells.

LUNGS FUNCTION TEST;

                                                 Function of the lungs are determines by any instruments called spirometer which records the flow of air in to the lungs and out of the lungs on a moving drum covered with long tube intending from air space of the drum to the mouth of the person tested.As the person takes the breath in and out of the drum moves up and down and records the changing volumes of drum on the paper following of test for the lungs functions
.(a)TIDAL VOLUME;Which is equal to normal=500 ml.It is the amount of volume of air which goes in and out of the lungs wiht each breath.

(b)MINUTE VOLUME;

                                        It is the volume of air takes in and out in a minute and is equal to 6 I/m with a normal respiratory rate of 12/m.

(c)INSPIRATORY CAPACITY;

                                                        The normal volume is 300 ml or 3l.Its volume of air which can be forced and taken in to the lungs of normal inspiration with forceful inspiration.

(d)EXPIRATORY RESERVE CAPACITY;

                                                                           The normal volume=100 ml.It is the volume of air expired with forceful expiration.

(e)THE RESIDUAL VOLUME;

                                                      Normal volume =1200 ml.It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration.

(f)FUNCTIONAL RESIDULE CAPACITY;

                                                                            Normal volume =2300 ml.The functional residual capacity is the volume of air after remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration and which takes parts in the gascious exchanges mechanism.It is the of residual volume in respiratory reserve volume.

(g)VITAL CAPACITY;

                                        It is the volume of air which is expired out forcefully after a forceful inspiration.The normal values are 4500 ml in the male and in female 3000 ml.In a trained athlete 6500 ml.The vital capacity is the ability of person to expire and inspire air and it depends on two factors.
(1)The strength of the respiratory muscles
(2)On the elastic resistance of the thorastic cage cage of the chest wall.

                                                          The vital capacity decreases of the lungs for example,TB which decreases the expansions of lungs because the lungs become hard,losses the elasticity and sponging characteristics.The vital capacity also decreases when the muscle of respiration are weak or with a disease.For example polio is a viral diseases.It enters to the mouth from the intestine then it travels to the nervous system where it effect to the respiratory center in the MEDULA OBLONGATA  and the exterior gray horns.